• Neck pain and stiffness can occur as a result of injuries, degenerative spine changes or sprains and tensions

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• Clinical assessment requires thorough history and careful examination that often includes the spine, the nervous system and the whole upper limb

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• X-rays and MRI scans can be indicated in certain conditions 

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• Treatment options include physiotherapy, medications or occasionally a referral to an Anaesthetist for injections or an Orthopaedic Consultant for surgery 

• Back pain is a common problem affecting 80% of us at some point in our lifetime

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• Getting the correct diagnosis is key

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• Most management options are simple and non-invasive including physiotherapy, medications and spinal injections

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• Serious back conditions are rare, but it’s worth knowing when to seek urgent care

• Around a third of all musculoskeletal problems in primary care are related to the shoulder joint 

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• Causes of Shoulder problems can strongly be related to the work that you do or the activities that you perform

• A thorough clinical assessment and a simple radiological investigation (X-ray or in-clinic Ultrasound scan) are usually sufficient to confirm a diagnosis

• Physiotherapy and non-invasive treatments like medications or injections are the mainstay of treatment. Some patients would benefit from a referral to a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

• Elbow problems are fairly common and generally improve with simple treatments

• Pain and/or stiffness are the most common symptoms

• A thorough clinical examination and simple investigations like X-rays and in-clinic Ultrasound scans lead to an accurate diagnosis in the vast majority of patients 

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• Exercise, physiotherapy, some medications or injections are generally all that is needed to treat your elbow problem 

• The Hand & Wrist are complex joints and can occasionally become a source of pain, discomfort and disability

• Causes of Hand & Wrist problems can often be attributed to injuries, degenerative changes and overuse in certain occupations

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• Clinical assessment requires thorough history and careful examination that often includes the neck and elbow

• Treatment options include pain relief, splinting, hand physiotherapy, injections and occasionally a referral to an Orthopaedic Consultant for surgery 

• Hip pain, stiffness and limping are symptoms experienced by many of us and can be debilitating 

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• Most causes are due to degenerative changes in the joint, but other conditions like inflammation, soft tissue problems  

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• In addition to clinical assessment, some investigations may be required (X-rays, MRI or in-clinic ultrasound scans) 

• Treatment often includes lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, oral medications, injections or a referral to a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon 

• Most Knee problems are due to injuries, degenerative changes or inflammation

• Due to the complexity of the Knee joint, a thorough history and clinical examination (which commonly includes the back and the hip) are essential in establishing the cause 

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• X-rays and MRI scans (and in some instances in-clinic Ultrasound scans) are indicated to aid decision making

• Treatment options often include lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, oral medications, injections or a referral to a specialist Orthopaedic Consultant for surgery

• The Foot & Ankle are probably the most complex and delicate structures of your Musculoskeletal system

• Symptoms could include pain, stiffness, deformities or walking difficulties

•  This complexity requires thorough clinical examination aided by radiological assessment (X-ray, in-clinic Ultrasound or MRI scans) 

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• Treatment is mostly self-care, adaptive footwear/orthotics, medications/injections or referral for surgery in selected conditions